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Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology May 2016Irritable bowel syndrome is a functional bowel disorder with gastrointestinal symptoms (e.g. abdominal pain, straining, urgency, incomplete evacuation, nausea, and... (Review)
Review
Irritable bowel syndrome is a functional bowel disorder with gastrointestinal symptoms (e.g. abdominal pain, straining, urgency, incomplete evacuation, nausea, and bloating) that occur alongside bowel function alterations (i.e. constipation, diarrhea, or both). Patients with irritable bowel syndrome may also experience comorbid anxiety and depression. Irritable bowel syndrome is common, with a prevalence estimated between 3% and 28%, affecting patient health and quality of life. Patients with moderate or severe irritable bowel syndrome generally seek medical care, whereas those with milder symptoms may choose self-management. Most patients with irritable bowel syndrome receive outpatient care, but irritable bowel syndrome-related hospitalizations do occur. The pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome is multifactorial (i.e. genetics, immune components, changes in the gut microbiota, disturbances in physiologic stress response systems, and psychosocial factors). Management of irritable bowel syndrome can include lifestyle changes, dietary interventions, counseling, psychologic medication, and agents that affect gastrointestinal motility. A number of therapies have emerged in recent years with clinical trial data demonstrating efficacy and safety for patients with irritable bowel syndrome, including agents that target gastrointestinal motility (i.e. linaclotide), gastrointestinal opioid receptors (i.e. asimadoline, eluxadoline), and gut microbiota (i.e. rifaximin). Linaclotide has been shown to significantly improve stool frequency and abdominal pain compared with placebo in constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (number needed to treat, 5.1). Asimadoline shows efficacy in patients with moderate-to-severe irritable bowel syndrome-related pain. Rifaximin provided adequate relief of global irritable bowel syndrome symptoms versus placebo for a significantly greater percentage of patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (p < 0.001). Management that encompasses all aspects of irritable bowel syndrome (gastrointestinal symptoms) and comorbid psychologic symptoms (e.g. anxiety or depression) is important for improving overall patient health and well-being.
PubMed: 27134665
DOI: 10.1177/1756283X16633050 -
Neurourology and Urodynamics Nov 2020To assess performance, acceptability, external validity, and reliability of a phone application electronic bowel diary (PFDN Bowel eDiary). (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
AIMS
To assess performance, acceptability, external validity, and reliability of a phone application electronic bowel diary (PFDN Bowel eDiary).
METHODS
Women reporting refractory accidental bowel leakage (ABL) were enrolled in a randomized, crossover trial evaluating paper versus eDiary documentation of bowel movements (BM) and fecal incontinence episodes (FIE). Events were characterized by the presence or absence of urgency and Bristol stool scale consistency. The eDiary entries were date/time stamped and prompted by twice-daily phone notifications. Women were randomized to complete up to three consecutive 14-day diaries in two sequences. Diary events were compared between formats using the Pearson correlation. System usability scale (SUS) assessed eDiary usability. The eDiary test-retest reliability was assessed with intraclass correlations (ICCs).
RESULTS
Paired diary data were available from 60/69 (87%) women 63.8 ± 9.8 years old with mean 13.2 BM per week and 6.5 FIE per week (nearly half with urgency). Among those providing diaries, adherence did not differ by paper or eDiary (93.3% vs. 95.0%). Notifications prompted 29.6% of eDiary entries, improving adherence from 70% to 95%. Paper and eDiaries were moderate to-strongly correlated for BMs per week (r = .61), urgency BMs per week (r = .76), FIE per week (r = .66), urgency FIE per week (r = .72). Test-retest reliability was good (ICC = .81 BMs per week, .79 urgency BMs per week, .74 FIE per week, and .62 urgency FIE per week). The mean SUS score was high, 82.3 ± 17.5 (range, 0-100) with 91.4% rating it easy to use, and 75.9% preferring the eDiary over paper.
CONCLUSION
The PFDN Bowel eDiary correlated well with paper diary was considered easy to use, preferred to paper diaries, had high rates of confirmed real-time diary completion that obviated staff data entry.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cross-Over Studies; Data Collection; Defecation; Fecal Incontinence; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Reproducibility of Results; Telephone
PubMed: 32960998
DOI: 10.1002/nau.24520 -
Female Pelvic Medicine & Reconstructive... Sep 2020To determine if categorizing fecal incontinence (FI) as urgency or passive FI is clinically meaningful, we compared clinical severity, quality of life, physical... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
OBJECTIVE
To determine if categorizing fecal incontinence (FI) as urgency or passive FI is clinically meaningful, we compared clinical severity, quality of life, physical examination findings, and functional and anatomic deficits between women with urgency and passive FI.
METHODS
This study is a prospective cross-sectional study of women with at least monthly FI. All women completed the St Mark's Vaizey and the Fecal Incontinence Quality of Life questionnaires and underwent anorectal manometry and endoanal ultrasound. We compared women with urgency FI to women with passive FI.
RESULTS
Forty-six women were enrolled, 21 (46%) with urgency FI and 25 (54%) with passive FI. Clinical severity by Vaizey score did not differ between groups (urgency 11.7 ± 1.6 vs passive 11.0 ± 1.0, P = 0.51). Women with urgency FI had worse median (range) lifestyle and coping scores than passive FI (Fecal Incontinence Quality of Life: lifestyle domain 2.5 [1, 4] vs 3.8 [1, 4], P = 0.04; coping domain 1.7 [1, 3] vs 2.4 [0.9, 4], P < 0.01). Women with urgency FI had higher anal resting and squeeze pressure than passive FI (60 ± 4 mm Hg vs 49 ± 3 mm Hg, P = 0.03; 78 [48, 150] mm Hg vs 60 [40, 103], P = 0.05). Internal anal sphincter defects were more common in women with passive FI (41.7% vs 30.0%, P = 0.53) and external anal sphincter defects more common in women with urgency FI (25% vs 16.7%, P = 0.71), but this did not reach statistical significance.
CONCLUSIONS
We identified functional and anatomic differences between women with urgency FI and passive FI. Pheonotyping women with FI into these subtypes is clinically meaningful.
Topics: Aged; Anal Canal; Cross-Sectional Studies; Fecal Incontinence; Female; Humans; Manometry; Middle Aged; Phenotype; Prospective Studies; Quality of Life; Severity of Illness Index; Surveys and Questionnaires; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 29979355
DOI: 10.1097/SPV.0000000000000603 -
Neurology India 2020Control of the lower urinary tract is a complex, multilevel process that involves the peripheral and central nervous systems. Patients with spinal cord diseases or...
Control of the lower urinary tract is a complex, multilevel process that involves the peripheral and central nervous systems. Patients with spinal cord diseases or injuries present with multiple bladder and bowel problems. The commonest are urinary, urgency, frequency, urge incontinence, retention and/or fecal incontinence. Though the first reports of neurostimulation to empty bladder came in 1970s', it was only in 1988 that Schmidt and Tanagho restarted discussion and application of neuromodulation and electrical stimulation of sacral nerve in urology. In April, 1999 - FDA approved the InterStim System for treatment of symptoms of urgency-frequency and urinary retention. In October 2000, Medtronic Commercial Release for SNS-Bowel was approved. In October 2002, the Tined lead was launched and N'Vision programmer was launched in the official market in Europe. SNM is now considered the third line of management in refractory cases of OAB, chronic NOUR, frequency and urgency. Role in neuropathic bladder is still being assessed. SNM includes a thorough preoperative assessment, PNE (Percutaneous Nerve Evaluation) without any muscle relaxation and finally installation of a permanent IPG after assessing reponse. We have an experience of over 20 patients in last 11 years. These include patients of refractory OAB, chronic NOUR and Cauda Equina Syndrome. We do a two-staged procedure in view of the high cost and abide by the AUA, EAU and ICS guidelines. Our long term results for neuropathic OAB are awaited.
Topics: Electric Stimulation Therapy; Humans; Urinary Tract
PubMed: 33318367
DOI: 10.4103/0028-3886.302457 -
Neurogastroenterology and Motility Nov 2022Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a disorder with a predominance in women; IBS in men is less studied. The present study evaluated symptoms as well as health and social...
BACKGROUND
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a disorder with a predominance in women; IBS in men is less studied. The present study evaluated symptoms as well as health and social experiences of men with IBS.
METHODS
This cross-sectional study included 293 patients with IBS (64 men) and 363 non-IBS controls (62 men). Gastrointestinal symptom diaries were filled in prospectively, and data on comorbidities and healthcare-seeking behavior were assessed by questionnaires. Men with IBS were compared with men without IBS and women with IBS.
KEY RESULTS
Compared with women with IBS, men with IBS had fewer contacts with the healthcare system, fewer psychiatric comorbidities, fewer sleeping problems, and less chronic pain. Urgency to defecate and nausea were less common, and stool frequency was higher in men with IBS. There was no difference between men with and without IBS in terms of educational level, satisfaction with household economy, or living with a partner. In contrast, women with IBS more often lived alone, were more often dissatisfied with household economy, and had a lower educational level than women without IBS. Men with IBS had the same proportion of full-time employment as men without IBS but in contrast, the proportion of women with IBS in full-time employment was only 34%, compared to 50% of the women without IBS.
CONCLUSION AND INFERENCES
The present study improves the understanding of men's experiences of IBS and suggests that sex and gender may be integrated into the biopsychosocial model of IBS.
Topics: Comorbidity; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Humans; Irritable Bowel Syndrome; Male; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 36082394
DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14430 -
Neurogastroenterology and Motility Apr 2019Fecal urgency is a symptom generally associated with diarrhea but is also reported by patients with constipation. Our aim was to (a) assess the prevalence and burden of...
BACKGROUND
Fecal urgency is a symptom generally associated with diarrhea but is also reported by patients with constipation. Our aim was to (a) assess the prevalence and burden of fecal urgency in constipated patients (b) evaluate gastrointestinal and psychiatric predictors of moderate to severe fecal urgency in these patients.
METHODS
Patients presenting consecutively to a tertiary outpatient gastroenterology clinic with constipation were included. Patients were considered to have moderate to severe fecal urgency if ≥50% of bowel movements (BMs) in the past 3 months were associated with fecal urgency. Anxiety, depression, and sleep disturbance were diagnosed using a Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) t-score of ≥60. Abdominal pain and constipation severity were also assessed using PROMIS questionnaires. Univariable and stepwise logistic regression were used to identify predictors of moderate to severe fecal urgency.
KEY RESULTS
Of 139 constipated patients, 70.8% reported experiencing fecal urgency in the past 3 months and 25.8% reported being significantly bothered by it. Moderate to severe fecal urgency was reported by 27% of 139 patients. Frequency of loose stools (OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.1, 2.0) and presence of anxiety (OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.1, 5.0) were independent predictors of moderate to severe fecal urgency.
CONCLUSIONS AND INFERENCES
Fecal urgency is common in patients with constipation and is frequently bothersome to many patients. We identified clinical and psychiatric factors associated with moderate to severe fecal urgency in constipated patients with potential therapeutic implications if validated in future studies.
Topics: Adult; Anxiety; Constipation; Defecation; Depression; Fecal Incontinence; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 30714267
DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13545 -
Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease Jan 2014Ionizing radiation is commonly used to treat a number of malignancies. Although highly effective and now more targeted, many patients suffer side effects. The number of... (Review)
Review
Ionizing radiation is commonly used to treat a number of malignancies. Although highly effective and now more targeted, many patients suffer side effects. The number of cancer survivors has increased and so there are more patients presenting with symptoms that have arisen as a result of radiotherapy. Radiation damage to small bowel tissue can cause acute or chronic radiation enteritis producing symptoms such as pain, bloating, nausea, faecal urgency, diarrhoea and rectal bleeding which can have a significant impact on patient's quality of life. This review outlines the pathogenesis of radiation injury to the small bowel along with the prevention of radiation damage via radiotherapy techniques plus medications such as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, statins and probiotics. It also covers the treatment of both acute and chronic radiation enteritis via a variety of medical (including hyperbaric oxygen), dietetic, endoscopic and surgical therapies.
PubMed: 24381725
DOI: 10.1177/2040622313510730 -
Digestive Diseases and Sciences Jul 2022Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a lifelong relapsing-remitting condition, characterized by troublesome symptoms including fatigue, pain, and bowel urgency. These...
BACKGROUND
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a lifelong relapsing-remitting condition, characterized by troublesome symptoms including fatigue, pain, and bowel urgency. These symptoms can persist even in clinical remission and have a debilitating impact on social, work-related and intimate domains of life. Symptom self-management can be challenging for some patients, who could potentially benefit from an online self-management tool.
AIMS
We aimed to understand patients' symptom self-management strategies and preferred design for a future online symptom self-management intervention.
METHODS
Using exploratory qualitative methods, we conducted focus group and individual interviews with 40 people with IBD recruited from UK clinics and from community-dwelling members of the Crohn's and Colitis UK charity; data were collected using a digital audio recorder, and transcribed and anonymized by a third party (professional) transcriber. We used framework analysis for focus group data and thematic analysis for interview data.
RESULTS
The data provided three core themes: ways of coping; intervention functionality; and intervention content. Participants attempt to manage all three symptoms simultaneously, recognizing the combined influence of factors such as food, drink, stress, and exercise on all symptoms. They wanted an accessible online intervention functioning across several platforms, with symptom and medication management, and activity-tracking features.
CONCLUSIONS
Patients reported numerous ways of self-managing symptoms of fatigue, pain, and urgency/incontinence related to IBD and expressed their needs for content, design, and functionality of the proposed intervention. Based on this and existing intervention development literature, the IBD-BOOST online self-management intervention has now been developed and is undergoing testing.
Topics: Crohn Disease; Fatigue; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Pain; Self-Management
PubMed: 34146202
DOI: 10.1007/s10620-021-07109-9 -
AJOG Global Reports Aug 2023Bowel-related disorders are common conditions associated with pregnancy and are a cause of significant distress and healthcare burden. However, there is a lack of data...
BACKGROUND
Bowel-related disorders are common conditions associated with pregnancy and are a cause of significant distress and healthcare burden. However, there is a lack of data in the literature about these disorders.
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to investigate bowel dysfunctions during the third trimester of pregnancy in a large cohort of women using the validated bowel domain of the Italian version of the Pelvic Floor Questionnaire for Pregnant and Postpartum Women.
STUDY DESIGN
This was a secondary analysis of a multicenter cross-sectional study conducted in hospitals in Italy and Italian-speaking Switzerland. Women in the third trimester of pregnancy were asked to complete the Italian Pelvic Floor Questionnaire for Pregnant and Postpartum Women.
RESULTS
During the study period, 927 pregnant women in the third trimester of pregnancy responded to the questionnaire and were included in the analysis. Overall bowel dysfunctions were reported by 29.6% of patients. Constipation was reported by 66.6% of pregnant women, whereas symptoms of obstructed defecation were reported by 49.9% of patients. In contrast, urgency was reported by 41.1% of patients. Incontinence to flatus and incontinence to stool were reported by 45.1% and 2.8% of patients, respectively. Moreover, age >35 years, familiarity with pelvic floor disorders, nicotine abuse, and pelvic floor contraction inability were identified as independent risk factors for at least 1 bowel symptom.
CONCLUSION
Bowel symptoms are extremely common in the third trimester of pregnancy and can greatly affect a patient's quality of life; therefore, bowel symptoms deserve to be investigated and managed properly. The use of validated questionnaires represents a precious tool to investigate functional symptoms that could be very frequent and disabling in this particular period of life for women.
PubMed: 37645654
DOI: 10.1016/j.xagr.2023.100218 -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Jan 2023: At present, there is no consensus definition of mild-to-moderate disease activity in patients with ulcerative colitis. The objective of the present study was to... (Review)
Review
: At present, there is no consensus definition of mild-to-moderate disease activity in patients with ulcerative colitis. The objective of the present study was to establish a reliable definition of mild-to-moderate disease activity in adult patients with ulcerative colitis. : Twelve physicians from around the world participated in a virtual consensus meeting on 26 September 2022. All the physicians had expertise in the diagnosis and treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. After a systematic review of the literature and expert opinion, a modified version of the RAND/University of California, Los Angeles appropriateness method was applied. A total of 49 statements were identified and then anonymously rated (on a 9-point scale) as being appropriate (scores of 7 to 9), uncertain (4 to 6) or inappropriate (1 to 3). The survey results were reviewed and amended before a second round of voting. : Symptom and endoscopic-based measurements are of prime importance for assessing mild-to-moderate ulcerative colitis activity in clinical trials. The experts considered that clinical activity should be assessed in terms of stool frequency, rectal bleeding and fecal urgency, whereas endoscopic activity should be evaluated with regard to the vascular pattern, bleeding, erosions and ulcers. Fecal calprotectin was considered to be a suitable disease activity marker in mild-to-moderate ulcerative colitis. Lastly, mild-to-moderate ulcerative colitis should not have more than a small impact on the patient's daily activities. : The present recommendations constitute a standardized framework for defining mild-to-moderate disease activity in clinical trials in the field of ulcerative colitis.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Colitis, Ulcerative; Endoscopy; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Rectum; Remission Induction; Severity of Illness Index
PubMed: 36676807
DOI: 10.3390/medicina59010183